Neuro Midterm

As a new method of studying I will be putting up some of the test material on this blog, not too in depth of course... enjoy...

Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) - a technique that utilizes sensory input in an attempt to maximize motor output...
characteristics include:
-use of proprioceptors as internal stimuli
-application of carefully measured resistance to patients movements
-exercises concentrating on natural movement patterns
All of the patterns in PNF must 1. Cross midline 2. Involve an arc of motion 3. Elongaate and shorten the trunk.
There are patterns for the extremities, trunk, scapula and pelvis. The extremity patterns go in different diagnols and are named for example as D1 Flexion or D2 Extension. Check out this link (about the middle of the page) that uses PNF as part of a baseball players workout. Of course there is more to PNF, most of which has to be practiced in the lab (and it takes about 6 months of intense classes to get certified in this technique). But moving along...

NeuroDevelopmental Treatment (NDT) - aimed at using repeated active movement (isolated or in pattern), resisted by gravity, body weight or manual pressure, to achieve balance between muscle groups and to decrease the effect of abnormal tonal influence on automatic responses and movement patterns. That is a long-winded way of saying it, as is this article about NDT.
My notes have 6 aims of treatment listed which I won't get into here, and 22 "basic" principles and treatment strategies.
-Of note, is that this is hands on technique, utilizing the idea of "key points of control" (e.g. the pelvis controls the lower extremity [LE], so by controlling or guiding the pelvis you can control/guide the LE)
Keys to Tx: -Head in midline
-Limit deviation anywhere in body
Negatives: -There is little carry over to function.
-Too much hands on, can lead to a dependence on the technique.

Before I lose any on of you who have read this far, I will continue this review later on today... Topics to come:

• Neurological Rehab Models
• Task-Oriented Approach (contemporary)
  
• Muscle Re-Education
• Neurotherapeutic Facilitation
  
• Rood's Approach
• Brunnstrom-Movement Therapy in Hemiplegia
• Manual Facilitation and Inhibition Techniques
• ALS, MS, Postpolio Syndrome, GBS, diabetic neuropathy, bell's palsy and much much more...